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The function of the automobile oil filter is to filter out metal wear debris, mechanical impurities and oil oxides in the oil. If these impurities enter the lubrication system along with the oil, it will aggravate the wear of engine parts and may block the oil pipe or oil passage.
There are two types of oil filters, that is, the one installed before the oil pump and the one installed after the oil pump. The one installed before the oil pump is called the oil collector. The one installed after the oil pump, according to its layout, which is devided into two types: full flow oil filters and split flow oil filters.
The full-flow oil filter is connected in series between the oil pump and the main oil passage, so all the oil is filtered through it. Currently, full-flow oil filters are commonly used in automobile engines.
The filter element of the full-flow oil filter has many forms. At present, most automobile engines use paper filter elements. The oil filter of the paper filter element has two structural forms, one is a decomposable type, only the paper filter element needs to be replaced when replacing, and the other is an integral type, which requires the entire replacement.
The full-flow oil filter has a certain service life and should be replaced when it expires. When the filter element of the auto oil filter is seriously blocked by impurities during the service life, the oil pressure at the oil filter inlet will increase. When the pressure reaches the specified value, the bypass valve in the oil filter will be opened , At this time, the oil does not pass the filter of the filter element and directly enters the main oil passage. Although the oil is delivered to the various lubricated surfaces without filtering at this time, it is better than lack of lubricating oil.
The engine of trucks, especially heavy trucks, generally adopts a full-flow and split-flow oil filter arrangement. Full-flow oil filter is also called coarse filter, used to filter impurities in the oil with a particle size above 0.05mm; split-flow oil filter is also called fine filter, used to filter out fine impurities with a particle size above 0.001mm , And only filter 5%~10% of the oil supplied by the oil pump.
There are two types of split-flow fine filters: filtration type and centrifugal type. At present, centrifugal oil fine filters are widely used. There is a rotor in this filter, which is supported on a shaft through a rolling bearing. There are two nozzles with opposite spray directions in the rotor. It uses the pressure energy of the lubrication system itself. When the oil enters the rotor and sprays from the nozzles, a reaction torque is generated to drive the rotor to rotate quickly. Under the action of centrifugal force, the oil in the rotor separates solid impurities and accumulates on the inner wall of the rotor. The oil in the center of the rotor becomes clean and flows back to the oil pan from the nozzle.
The centrifugal auto oil filter is characterized by stable performance and reliable structure. There is no filter element that needs to be replaced. As long as the rotor is regularly removed and the dirt deposited on the rotor wall is cleaned, it can be reused and has a long service life. Its shortcomings are complex structure, high price, cumbersome, etc., and it has high technical requirements for maintenance personnel.
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